The journey from the TCP/IP, the original Internet protocol suite designed by the US Department of Defense, to Tim Berners-Lee’s Word Wide Web has seen the Internet develop beyond an information exchange in cyberspace to permeate all spheres of life. As an academic researching the cyber domain in the 2010s, I was greatly bemused by the epoch. Ambiguity prevailed among us with the primary debate being: which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum count as cyber. We were attempting to formulate policy in the absence of consensus on cyber’s fundamental parameters and the dichotomy was absurd! Yet, it was abundantly clear cyberspace would be embedded deeper in our lives. My senior colleague remarked at the time, “Cyberspace does not abolish time nor space; it makes positive and negative evolutionary forces more dangerous to ignore.” A decade later, here we are.
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