Almost every civilisation has seen its history on the outcome of major wars, or even particular battles, and Ancient Rome was no different. Among the most pivotal events in Roman history was the Battle of Actium, a naval conflict fought off the western coast of Greece in 31 BC. Far from being an attempt to subdue a foreign enemy, this was a civil war; the two co-rulers of the Roman world, Octavian (63 BC–AD 14) and Mark Antony (83–30 BC), entered into a titanic fight for supremacy over the ever-expanding empire.
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