In his famous 1989 National Interest article “The End of History?,” Francis Fukuyama argued that capitalist liberal democracy very well may constitute the “end” of “history” in a Hegelian sense — “the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution.” History’s end state would not be devoid of illiberal, statist, and authoritarian regimes, but capitalist liberal democracy would not be challenged by any serious ideological competitors with potentially universal appeal, as had been the case with communism.
